While certain cancers such as brain tumors are viewed as equally affecting men and women alike, other cancers are seen as gender specific. For instance, prostate cancer is identified as a type of cancer that only affects men for the simple reason that women do not have prostates. Breast cancer is widely recognized as being a common type of cancer that affects women. However, what isn’t talked about as much is the fact that breast cancer affects men as well. Let’s take a closer look at the signs, symptoms, risk factors, screening, and treatment options available for male breast cancer.
Can Men Get Breast Cancer?
As mentioned above, men can most certainly develop breast cancer. But if men don’t have breasts, how can they have breast cancer?
It is true that men do not have breasts per se, but many people are surprised to find that the anatomy of the male breast is very similar to that of the female breast. The main difference is that male breasts aren’t as developed and prominent as female breasts but they still contain:
Breast tissue
Milk ducts
Lobules
This means that technically, men have the parts necessary to produce milk. The driving force behind the ability to produce milk is the production of the hormone prolactin, which is found in very small levels in men. Even though men do not produce milk, this breast tissue can still develop breast cancer, just like any other type of cell in the body.
Ductal Carcinoma – This is the most common type of breast cancer in men. It originates in the milk ducts.
Lobular Carcinoma – This type of cancer begins in the milk-producing glands. It is a rare form of breast cancer in men because unlike women, men do not have many lobules.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer – This type of cancer is characterized by cancer cells blocking the lymphatic vessels.
What Are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer in Men?
There are several signs and symptoms of breast cancer that men should be aware of. These include:
Discharge from your nipple. Men do not have the ability to produce milk. For this reason, any discharge from the nipple is abnormal.
Redness or scaling of your nipple
Changes in the nipple’s position, such as it becoming inverted
Changes to the skin over your breasts, such as redness, dimples, and scaling
Lumps in the breast
Crusting of the nipple
Lump in the armpit
Swollen breast
It is not likely that men will experience every single symptom. Different types of breast cancer present in different ways. It is best to contact your doctor if there are any changes in the nipple or chest area. The earlier breast cancer is caught, the better the treatment outcomes.
What Are the Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Men?
Age – According to the American Cancer Society, 72 is the average age of men who are diagnosed with breast cancer.
Family history – If you have a family history of breast cancer, you are at higher risk of developing it yourself.
Estrogen-containing medications – You are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer if you have taken drugs containing estrogen to treat illnesses such as prostate cancer.
Klinefelter’s syndrome – This disease causes men to produce higher levels of estrogen, which increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
Obesity – Men who are obese have increased levels of estrogen which, increases the risk of breast cancer.
Surgery – Surgery involving testicles, puts you at a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
Any condition that causes a decrease in male hormones and an increase in female hormones increases your risk of developing breast cancer.
Screening for Male Breast Cancer
Men typically are not routinely screened for breast cancer like women are. However, it is recommended that men who are considered to be at a higher risk of breast cancer undergo routine screening. According to the Susan G. Komen Foundation, high-risk men should have an annual clinical breast exam every year and self- breast exams beginning at the age of 35.
If a suspicious lump is found, further testing such as mammograms, ultrasounds, MRIs, and blood chemistry profiles can be used to determine whether or not you have breast cancer. Your healthcare provider can review your medical history to determine whether or not you are at a higher risk of developing male breast cancer.
Does Treatment for Breast Cancer in Men Differ from Women?
Breast cancer in men is treated very similar to breast cancer in women who are in menopause. The recommended treatment plan is based on the stage of breast cancer. There are 5 main types of treatments used to treat male breast cancer. These include:
Chemotherapy – the use of drugs to kill cancer cells and prevent them from dividing and spreading
Hormone therapy – blocks the action of hormones, which stops the cancer cells from dividing
Radiation therapy – uses x-rays to kill cancer cells and prevent their growth
Targeted therapy – the use of drugs to target and kill cancer cells without damaging normal cells
Surgery – removal of the affected areas, breast tissue, or both
Every case is different. Your breast cancer specialist will evaluate the type and stage of cancer to create a treatment plan that may include several of these treatments.
Being Proactive about Breast Cancer Screening is the Key
Experts agree that the earlier cancer is detected the higher the survival rate. Paying attention to your body, understanding the warning signs, and contacting your health care provider about any concerns you might have are the keys to catching male breast cancer in the earliest stage possible.
If you’ve visited our website or social media lately, you may have noticed a new logo and new look and feel! At Arizona Oncology, we are proud to move into the future with a reinvigorated purpose and a refreshed look, and we’d like to share with you what inspired it.
You may recognize our new logo as a stylized version of the barrel cactus blossom. Viewed from above, this cactus provides a different perspective and promises a holistic approach to cancer care. The green petals represent our community of highly specialized care providers, researchers, and staff working together to deliver better cancer care today for a brighter tomorrow. The orange flower at the center reflects our patient-centered approach and our commitment to improving quality of life for our patients.
Thrive with and Beyond Cancer
Our new tagline, “thrive with and beyond cancer,” embodies our commitment to not only providing leading-edge treatments backed by the most rigorous science, but to compassionate care as well—treating the person, not just the disease. Thriving isn’t the same as surviving. Our care also focuses on our patients’ quality of life before, during, and after their treatment. We want you to feel cared for, in every way, at every step along your cancer journey.
The AO Experience
On the homepage of our website at www.arizonaoncology.com, you’ll find easy ways to navigate through information for new patients, including reviewing next steps after a cancer diagnosis, clinical trials (as part of the US Oncology network, we can provide access to treatments that aren’t yet available at all cancer centers), news and free events, and how to find the right physician close to home at one of the 20+ Arizona Oncology locations across the state.
Further down on the page, you can access support materials for starting your care, living with cancer, and how to stay healthy once your treatment is complete. You can also experience the stories of actual Arizona Oncology patients, like Sofia, a breast cancer survivor, and Jim, a survivor of colon cancer.
We hope you like our new look and feel! We invite you to visit our website and connect with us on social media (@AZOncology) as we continue to demonstrate how our highly specialized team of physicians and cancer researchers delivers world-class care and breakthrough research, right in our community.
Cancer treatments can lead to many nutrition-related challenges, including weight loss or gain, loss of muscle mass, and poor appetite. Side effects can also impact what and how you eat. Since a healthy diet is crucial to health and healing, Arizona Oncology physicians encourage their patients to take their nutritional needs seriously.
Common Nutritional Challenges for Cancer Patients
Nutritional support can help with many common side effects of cancer treatment. Here are some general tips that many cancer patients find helpful. Of course, cancers and cancer treatments differ, so be sure your oncologist approves any dietary changes.A nutritional counselor can work with your doctor to provide a more comprehensive, in-depth assessment and plan.
Digestive Issues. For constipation, drinking warm or hot fluids in the morning may get your digestive tract moving. Avoid foods that contribute to gas or bloating. For diarrhea, a clear liquid diet initially can help. Steer clear of acidic juices and carbonated soft drinks.
Nausea. Ginger and peppermint teas, card candies, or chews can be helpful. If nausea is putting you at risk for weight loss or nutrient deficiencies, work with a nutritional counselor to develop a customized eating plan that ensures your nutritional needs are met while addressing your symptoms.
Mouth Sores and Mucositis. Suck on ice chips and drink beverages out of a straw to help avoid the areas of your mouth that hurt. Stick to soft, easy-to-swallow foods or cut your food into smaller pieces.
Loss of Appetite/Weight Loss. Eat on a schedule rather than depending on hunger cues. Eat several small meals rather than fewer large ones.
Taste and Smell Changes. Try swapping foods that are bothering you with something else from the same food group. Opt for fresh fruits and vegetables if the canned varieties leave a metallic taste in your mouth.
When you’ve completed your treatment, there are things you can do to stay healthy and help prevent a recurrence. Eat a balanced diet full of healthy, non-processed foods and limit or avoid added sugar, trans fats, alcohol, red meat and refined carbohydrates. You can learn more about getting and staying healthy after cancer at https://arizonaoncology.com/nutrition-after-cancer/.
What is Nutritional Counseling?
Nutritional counseling is an ongoing process in which a registered dietician or nutritionist (RD/RDN) works with an individual to assess their dietary intake and make recommendations that help support their health needs. Your nutritional counselor may do the following:
Review your current lifestyle, medical and nutritional history, and tailor recommendations to your specific needs.
Evaluate your nutritional requirements before, during, and after cancer treatment.
Promote recovery from cancer treatments through nutrition.
Help manage side effects that affect your ability to stay nourished.
Where to Get Nutritional Counseling
Looking for more personalized help? Nutritional counseling is available through the Arizona Oncology Foundation at www.arizonaoncologyfoundation.org or by calling 520-235-6793. For more help, contact our Social Worker department at aosocialwork@usoncology.com.
At age 35, Deborah Portzer got the news no one wants to hear: breast cancer. Thirty-three years and two recurrences later, her oncologist, Dr. Langerak, gave her better news. Here’s her story.
First Diagnosis
It’s 1989, and Deborah is working for an aerospace company in California and teaching ballroom dancing. She goes in for her first mammogram at age 35 because of a family history of cancer. The results aren’t good: she has an infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma in her right breast, hormone receptor ER negative and node negative. During her scheduled lumpectomy, her doctor discovers the tumor is larger than he thought, and she ends up with a quadrantectomy.
“I was afraid and didn’t know where to go for help,” Deborah recalled. The hospital pointed her to the American Cancer Society. Shortly after, she became a volunteer for the organization and continued for a total of 14 years. “I went from fear to faith, worry to hope, letting go and putting God first, and helping to lift someone else’s cross, which I found was healing in my 33-year battle.”
Second Diagnosis
Fast forward eleven years. It’s the year 2000 and Deborah, now 46, is married to Jim, still working at her job in California and also enjoying volunteering with homebound elderly through her local Catholic parish. But there is bad news: the cancer is back in her right breast. Again, it’s an infiltrating ductal carcinoma, HER2 (3+ strongly positive), hormone receptor ER and PR negative. This time Deborah has a bilateral mastectomy followed by chemotherapy (Taxol & Adriamycin Cytoxan (AC)). She did not take Herceptin because the drug was still in clinical trials at the time. As a proactive step, she also had her ovaries removed, as her mother had died from ovarian cancer a year earlier.
“My mom Margaret is my hero who bravely fought her two-month battle with ovarian cancer. I honor her by walking at the American Cancer Society’s Relay for Life,” Deborah said. Deborah tested negative for BRCA 1 and 2 gene mutations.
Third Diagnosis
Deborah and Jim moved to Prescott, Arizona in 2001. Now with both breasts and her ovaries removed, Deborah did not expect another cancer diagnosis. However, in 2016, at age 62, the invasive breast cancer was found in her right hip and femur bone when she went in for a hip & femur replacement surgery. “Jim and I hugged, cried, prayed, and sat in silence for a moment. Then I immediately said ‘I’m not wasting another minute to let the cancer grow. I’m calling my oncologist now to get the ball rolling’.”
After surgery, Deborah was put on a daily chemotherapy pill (Ibrance) and an aromatase inhibitor (Letrozole). “It took seven months to walk and to do basic necessities,” she said. “My husband Jim is the love of my life, an angel and caregiver who keeps me smiling, laughing, and supported by his great love,” she said.
The Happy Ending
On March 4th, 2022, a day she’ll always remember, a total of 33 years after her initial diagnosis, Deborah went in for a CT and bone scan. The results showed no cancer at all in her body! She and Jim were thrilled and surprised and gave all the praise and glory to God. She remembers her oncologist, Dr. Langerak, expressing surprise as well, stating that this was very unusual for stage 4 cancer.
“This is a miracle from God, because doctors can’t scoop out cancer!” she said.
One of her care team members said, “What makes Deborah stand out from other patients is her upbeat and positive attitude towards her care, her willingness to learn about her disease, and her follow-through on her care.”
Deborah must continue to take a daily chemo pill, but she’s come to terms with that: “I’m doing well and find happiness every day and in everything, believing in miracles!”
Deborah’s Message
Deborah has a message for others who are on their journey:
“We all need HOPE to carry our cross or fight a battle!
Hope is the anchor of our soul and a lifeline to hang on tight and never give up.
Enjoy life…JUST BE in the moment and embrace it.
When you can’t do something… find a “new normal” that you can.
We are a blessing…helping lift each other’s cross while touching hearts.
May my testimony inspire your journey to fight and be proactive, to not be afraid to share what you’re going through and the roller coaster of emotions, to join a support group or activities, to find a buddy who keeps you smiling and laughing (the best medicine), and to look forward with hope to your healing of body, mind, and soul. You’re special and worth it!”
Most people have heard about genetic testing when it comes to cancer risk, but there is a lot of misinformation. Today, we bust the myths about genetic testing and share the facts.
MYTH #1: Most Cancers are Genetic
FALSE. The majority of patients who develop cancer do not have a genetic predisposition. Genetic inheritance plays a role in approximately five to ten percent of cancers. When it comes to breast cancer in particular, five to ten percent of breast cancer patients have an identified gene, although another ten to 15 percent of patients will have a familial correlation, even though the gene is not present.
MYTH #2: Everyone Should Get Genetic Testing for Cancer
FALSE. Given the limits of genetic testing, it does not make sense for the general population to get tested. Genetic testing recommendations are established by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and other organizations that look at the data and adjust guidelines on a yearly basis.
AO doctors add that the risk of cancer is more influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle choices (the largest threats being obesity and smoking) than it is by genetics. For that reason, the focus for the majority of the population should be on those preventable factors.
MYTH #3: BRCA gene mutations only relate to breast cancer
FALSE. Mutations in the BRCA 1 and 2 genes are linked to various cancers, including breast, ovary, prostate, pancreatic, and melanoma. People who inherit harmful variants of a BRCA gene have increased risks of developing one of these cancers, and also tend to develop cancer at younger ages than people who do not have a variant.
MYTH #4: If I have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation, I will get cancer (and if I do not, I will not)
FALSE. Genetic inheritance is just a piece of the puzzle. Having an inherited genetic mutation in any gene can increase an individual’s lifetime risk of cancer, but does not guarantee an individual will get cancer.
The National Cancer Institute provides an example: “About 13% of women in the general population will develop breast cancer sometime during their lives. By contrast, 55%–72% of women who inherit a harmful BRCA1 variant and 45%–69% of women who inherit a harmful BRCA2 variant will develop breast cancer by 70–80 years of age.”
MYTH #5: Only women need genetic testing
FALSE. Many common cancers in men are genetically linked, specifically pancreatic, prostate, and colon cancer. By finding out their genetic profile, both men and women can take steps to reduce their risk in other areas and start cancer screening earlier, if needed, which could save their life. Cancer is not gender specific.
MYTH #6: Genetic testing is not accurate
FALSE. The companies performing genetic testing for cancer have standardized and accurate testing. No test is 100% accurate, but we have come a long way in our ability to identify inherited genetic mutations, and the field will continue to develop.
Genetic testing at its current stage has helped many people identify inherited gene mutations and take actionable steps to reduce their cancer risk and catch cancer early, if it does develop. The fact remains that genetic testing saves lives.
MYTH #7: I do not need a genetic counselor; I can order my own genetic test online
MOSTLY FALSE. It’s true that you can order direct-to-consumer genetic tests. However, without consulting a genetic counselor, you won’t know what information to take away from your results. Genetic counselors are crucial in helping to understand the results of genetic testing. They also provide recommendations about what to do if a mutation is identified, as well as how and what to communicate to other family members. A genetic counselor can also help you better understand your cancer risk if an inherited mutation is not identified through testing.
MYTH #8: Genetic testing is expensive
FALSE. With next-generation sequencing technology, the cost has dropped dramatically. Insurance covers testing for most patients who meet the criteria. If not, most companies offer a cash pay price of only around $250.
MYTH #9: If my results show a gene mutation, I will be uninsurable
FALSE. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), passed in 2008, prevents health insurance companies from using genetic information to make coverage or rate decisions. A genetic counselor can provide additional information prior to genetic testing.
MYTH #10: Genetic testing and genomic testing are the same thing
FALSE. Genetic testing helps to assess a person’s cancer risk. It consists of looking for a germline mutation, which is a gene mutation passed down from a parent to a child, and would be contained in just about every cell.
Genomic testing tests tumor tissue to look for genetic mutations that will determine a cancer’s likely behavior. It is used to help doctors choose which treatments will be most effective against that tumor.
At Arizona Oncology, we offer high risk cancer assessment services for our patients. Talk to your doctor to see if high risk cancer assessment and genetic testing might be right for you.
It’s no secret that being carrying excess pounds can lead to serious health consequences–but did you know that it can also raise your risk for certain types of cancer? National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) showed that in 2011–2014, nearly 70% of U.S. adults aged 20 years or older were overweight or obese.
Research shows that higher amounts of body fat can increase the risk for several types of cancer, including liver cancer, kidney cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer (in women past menopause). Obesity also increases the risk for developing advanced prostate cancer, which is the most dangerous stage of the disease.
The Weight-Cancer Connection
There are several ways that excess body fat may increase the risk of some cancers, including:
Causing chronic low-level inflammation in various areas of the body, which can progressively cause DNA damage that leads to cancer.
Increasing levels of certain hormones, such as estrogen, that are linked to the development of some cancers when too much is present.
Overgrowth of factors that regulate cell growth, such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
Excess weight affects the body’s functions that are designed to keep us healthy.Simply put, excess weight affects the body’s functions that are designed to keep us healthy. This can lead to various health problems, one of which can be cancer.
Making a Change
The good news is that it’s never too late to start living a healthier lifestyle! Many obesity-related cancers can be prevented–but it takes action.
The best way to start reducing your cancer risk is to decrease the calories you consume and increase the calories you burn.
How can you do this?
Be more physically active, aiming for 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week
Pay attention to portion sizes
Eliminate added sugars, fried foods, and refined carbohydrates such as pasta, white rice, and soft sandwich bread
Avoid processed foods that include additives such as trans fats, monosodium glutamate (MSG), food dyes, artificial sweeteners, and preservatives
Increase your intake of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, healthy fats, and lean protein (poultry and fish)
Limit red meat consumption to no more than 18 ounces (cooked weight) per week
Avoid processed meats like bacon, deli meats, and hot dogs
Alcohol, which contains unnecessary calories and sugar, should be drunk in moderation
While there is still much to learn about the link between weight loss and cancer risk, people who are overweight or obese should consider taking steps to lose weight. Losing even a small amount of weight can lead to better overall health.
