Skin Cancer and Melanoma Risk Factors

Certain factors may put you at higher risk for developing skin cancer or melanoma. While some factors are under your control, others, are not. However, the more you know about skin cancer risks, the easier it can be to reduce your risk–or at least detect cancer early when it’s easier to treat.

It is important to remember that, at this time, risk factors don’t tell us everything. Having a risk factor (or factors) does not guarantee that you will get the disease. Likewise, some people who develop skin cancer may not have had any known risk factors at all. Regardless, to minimize your overall risk, it can be wise to err on the side of caution when it comes to your skin. Read our blog post on “How Does Your Family’s History of Melanoma Affect You” to learn more about melanoma risk factors.

The primary risk factor for skin cancer–both melanoma and non-melanoma cancers–is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, including sunlight and tanning beds. The more UV radiation you are exposed to, the higher your chances of developing skin cancer. This includes those with both fair skin as well as darker skin–of any ethnicity. People who live in areas with year-round sunlight, or those who spend a great deal of time outdoors with unprotected skin, are also at a greater risk.

Skin Cancer Risk Factors

Risk factors vary for different types of skin cancer, but there are some general risk factors that include:

• Physical traits such as fair skin, freckling, blue or green eyes, blonde or red hair.
• Family history of skin cancer – around 10% of people with melanoma have a close relative with the disease. This may be because the family tends to spend more time in the sun, or because family members have fair skin, or both. 
• Personal history of skin cancer – people who have already had melanoma have a higher risk of getting it again.
• Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, including a history of sunburns and/or a history of indoor tanning.
• Skin that reddens, burns, or freckles easily in the sun.
• Skin that becomes painful in the sun.
• Age – chances of being diagnosed with skin cancer increase as a person gets older due to more sun exposure, but skin cancer is also found in young people.
• Smoking tobacco.
• Severe or long-term skin inflammation.
• Certain types and/or a large number of moles increase a person’s chance of developing melanoma.
• Male gender – men have a higher risk than women.
• Exposure to chemicals or radiation.
• Weakened immune system – people who have been treated with medicines that suppress the immune system have an increased chance of developing melanoma.
• Taking medications that can make it easier to get sunburned.

Skin Cancer Prevention Tips

It is important to protect yourself from ultraviolet (UV) radiation all year round, not just during the summer. Even on cloudy or hazy days, UV rays can reach your skin. UV rays also reflect off surfaces, including water, cement, sand, and snow.

Being extra cautious between 10 am – 4 pm may also be beneficial, as these are the most hazardous hours of the day for UV exposure. In North America, UV rays from sunlight are the most intense during late spring and early summer.

Some easy options for protection against UV radiation include:

• Seeking shade or bringing shade with you, i.e. canopy, umbrella
• Covering your arms and legs
• Wearing a wide-brimmed hat
• Wearing sunglasses that block both UVA and UVB rays
• Using sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) 30 or higher
• Avoiding indoor tanning
• Planning outdoor activities early in the day or the evening

In addition to the prevention tips above, performing regular skin self-exams, or having a physician perform a professional skin exam annually, can be beneficial in early detection of skin cancer. Read more in-depth about skin cancer prevention in our blog post about “4 Easy Ways to Lower Your Risk for Skin Cancer this Summer.”

What to Do if You Feel You’re at Risk

If an area on your skin looks suspicious or concerns you, speak with your doctor immediately. If your doctor suspects that you may have skin cancer, he or she will do further examination and testing. The sooner you have it checked out, the easier it can be to cure. Our team of cancer specialists are available throughout Arizona if you should need to see a skin cancer oncologist after diagnosis.